Intro to the End Times #5: What Are the Signs of the Times?

Intro to the End Times is a series walking through some of the key themes of the story of Jesus’ return from a historic premillennial perspective, with special focus on knowing the heart of Jesus as we partner with God through the most dramatic chapter of human history.


The question of the signs of the times is of growing interest in the world right now. Even the unbelieving world is asking questions and wondering what chapter of human history we’re in. Luckily for us, we don’t have to speculate. When the disciples asked Jesus the question, “what will be the sign of your coming and of the end of the age?” (Mt. 24:3) He gave them two chapters of an answer!

Distinct Seasons of the End Times

Before we can talk about the signs, let’s first get our bearings in the distinct seasons that make up what we call the “end times”. Some may point out that we have technically been in the “last days” since Pentecost (Ac. 2:17, He. 1:2), and that’s absolutely true, from a certain point of view! The chapter of history we’ve been in has been a long one, but there is a final, shorter chapter coming that brings the conclusion of this age and the transition into the kingdom age with Jesus on the earth.

The Bible uses the imagery of a woman giving birth to describe the final generation (Isa. 42:14, Mt. 24:4-8, Jn. 16:16-22, Ro. 8:22, 1Th. 5:3). When a baby is nearly ready to come, contractions usually start slowly. There may even be a few false alarms or Braxton Hicks contractions that let the woman know that the day is getting close. When labor starts, it’s slow at first, then accelerates, more and more intensely with increasing pain. Finally, the woman is in hard labor and is actively pushing– and then the baby is here!

Similarly, the events of the end times start slow and then build, up until the final events when everything is THE MOST INTENSE IT COULD POSSIBLY BE and then Jesus ushers in the next age– the baby has been born!

  1. Birth Pains
    Jesus described a collection of trends that He called the “beginning of birth pains” that would mark the season of His return. These trends are meant to alert us to the generation we’re living in. (Mt. 24, Mk. 13, Lk. 21) This season includes national disasters, wars, ethnic strife, spiritual deception, etc. It’s a time of distress like the world has never seen– but it’s only the beginning.
  2. The First 3 1/2 Years of the Tribulation
    The final seven years before Jesus comes are divided in the middle, with the first half being less intense than the second half. In the aftermath of the global chaos of the birth pains, the antichrist appears to be a brilliant rising political leader who ushers in a season of (false) peace and safety (1Th. 5:3). Meanwhile, wickedness of every sort is increasing (the “Harlot Babylon” system and culture) and the church is getting persecuted for saying that the world’s favorite good guy is actually a bad guy.
  3. The Great Tribulation
    At the midway point of the tribulation, the antichrist sets himself up in the temple in Jerusalem and declares himself to be God (the “abomination of desolation”, Da. 9:27, 11:31, 12:11; Mt. 24:15-22; 2Th. 2:3-4). This event kicks off the second three and a half years known as the “great tribulation”, which is when the judgments start in earnest (Revelation 6).

I believe that we’re currently in the early days of the birth pains. It’s becoming clearer and clearer that global crisis is escalating.

Qualifications for a Sign

Each of these three distinct seasons is marked by a series of trends and events that serve as signposts along the way. Especially in the “birth pains” season, which I believe we’re in, it’s important to have a biblical grid for what qualifies as a sign so we don’t a) confuse the issue by declaring anything any everything a “sign of the times”, or b) bypass legitimate signs.

In order for things to be legitimate signs, they must be discernible, global, accelerating, and simultaneous.

  1. Discernible
    Signs must be clearly discernible, like road signs must be clear in their information about the road we’re on. Similarly, God wants to give signs that are clear to anyone who is paying attention. He won’t hide vague, confusing signs in layers of riddles that only a select few can figure out.
  2. Global
    The end times are a global storyline. If an occurrence only affects one region and doesn’t even cause global ripples, we probably can’t accurately call it a sign of the times. Signs must have global impact, because the Body of Christ is spread across the entire world.
  3. Accelerating
    The trends during the birth pains may start slow, but they accelerate into life-altering global realities. Something that happens once and then goes away without getting worse is probably not a sign.
  4. Simultaneous
    The most notable thing about the signs is that they’re all fulfilled for the first time and at the same time–within a single generation. The signs become signs when they start happening in tandem with each other.

Trends of the Birth Pains

In the message known as the Olivet Discourse, Jesus gave certain signs describing the generation in which He would return. These signs aren’t events, specifically; they’re trends, each one representing a whole pattern of events and occurrences in society and in the earth. I believe we can see these trends beginning even now and they will continue to increase until Jesus comes back.

The Olivet Discourse appears in Matthew 24-25, Luke 21, and Mark 13. I’ll summarize a few key themes here, but I encourage you to go read the chapters to catch the flow and context. (I found this comparison chart invaluable; the full ESV text of all three chapters is laid out side by side to highlight the common sayings.)

  1. Deception (Mt. 24:4, 11, 23-26; Mk. 13:5, 21-22; Lk. 21:8 [Lk. 17:23])
    Jesus starts his message with the urgent admonition, “See that no one leads you astray.” Deception will be a primary concern. There will be false christs (not just false religions, but actual men claiming to be Jesus) and false prophets. They will have real power to do signs and wonders, and even the elect will be susceptible if we’re not careful.
  2. Ethnic Conflict (Mt. 24:7, Mk. 13:8, Lk. 21:10)
    Jesus said that “nation will rise against nation”. The Greek word for “nation” is ethnos, from which we get the word “ethnicity”. This isn’t about national borders; the implication is that different people groups will be set against each other.
  3. Wars (Mt. 24:6-7, Mk. 13:7-8, Lk. 21:9-10)
    We also see “kingdom against kingdom”. This refers to separate countries going to war against each other. Matthew and Mark both also promise “wars and rumors of wars”, and Luke says “wars and tumults”. “Rumors of wars” describes the unease of threatened or potential war.
  4. Natural Disasters (Mt. 24:7; Mk 13:8; Lk. 21:11, 25)
    Jesus said there would be famines, earthquakes, and pestilences. “Pestilence” literally means plague, especially disease. Luke 21 also describes “the roaring of the sea and the waves”, such as hurricanes.
  5. Persecution (Mt. 24:9 [Mt. 10:17-22], Mk. 13:9-13, Lk 21:12-17)
    All three chapters go into detail about believers being persecuted and even martyred for the sake of Jesus. People will even betray their own family members to the authorities for their faith. Jesus says, “You will be hated by all nations for My name’s sake.” This will get most intense during the tribulation itself, but we can see it increasing globally even now.
  6. Falling Away (Mt. 24:10-12, 24; Mk. 13:22)
    In my opinion, this is the worst part of the entire end time narrative: the vast number of people who will fall away from the faith. “The love of many will grow cold” is a terrifying phrase. I believe some of these will be lukewarm churchgoers, but some of them will be true believers who let their hearts gradually grow hard and cold toward God. Paul also spoke of this falling away (1Ti. 4:1, 2Th. 2:3).
  7. Lawlessness (Mt. 24:12)
    Matthew 24 says that the increase of lawlessness is the reason for love growing cold. Paul warns of a whole series of sins that will be rampant in the last days (2Ti. 3:1-5). Once the tribulation is well underway, Revelation describes an even darker culture of wickedness (Re. 9:21).
  8. Gospel Proclaimed (Mt. 24:14, Mk. 13:10)
    Jesus said that the end wouldn’t come until the gospel of the kingdom is proclaimed to every nation, which you’ll remember from #2 actually means people group. This has never before seemed actually attainable, but major modern missions organizations believe this could realistically happen in this generation.

Jesus also spoke of the abomination of desolation which I described above, and various signs in the heavens, up to and including the actual moment of Him appearing in the clouds (Mt. 24:29-30; Mk. 13:24-26; Lk. 21:11, 25-27). These occur during the period of the tribulation and therefore aren’t so much signs to watch for ahead of time (but if we manage to miss everything else, they will certainly be dramatic last-minute wake up calls!).

A Few Other Signs

Though not found specifically in the Olivet Discourse, these are a few of the trends and signs we can recognize in our generation that I believe are setting the stage for the events of the end times to play out. There are a number of others, too; I encourage you to search the scriptures and ask the Lord to highlight more to you!

  1. The Establishing of Israel
    Many of the prophecies of the end times, especially the abomination of desolation, presuppose an actual nation of Israel with a functioning temple. For generations this was impossible, but in the past century we have seen the rebirth of the nation of Israel (the significant dates being 1948 and 1967). We haven’t seen the rebuilding of the temple yet, but many within Judaism are preparing to launch the full ceremonial system as soon as it becomes possible.
  2. The Prayer Movement
    Throughout the story of the end times, there is a soundtrack of 24/7 prayer and worship. In the past 20 years we have seen prayer and worship skyrocket globally, especially in ministries pursuing 24/7 worship inspired by the throne room of heaven and the tabernacle of David.
  3. Shifts in the Church
    God is bringing the church into mature partnership with Him in the last generation. Admittedly we have far to go, but we are seeing these trends increase: hunger for the gifts and activity of the Holy Spirit, desire for intimacy with Jesus as His bride, and expectation for the return of Jesus, including the raising up of forerunner messengers to proclaim it.

The admonition throughout Scripture is clear: when we see these signs, take them seriously and continue to WATCH. They give us hope that our salvation is near, and they also should strike the fear of the Lord into our hearts that there is no time to waste. We need to be preparing ourselves and the world around us to be in agreement with God as the events leading to Jesus’ return continue to unfold.

For more of an in-depth study on the signs of the times, I recommend Brad Stroup’s teaching series called Signs of the Times.

Intro to the End Times #4: How Should We NOT Think About the End Times?

Intro to the End Times is a series walking through some of the key themes of the story of Jesus’ return from a historic premillennial perspective, with special focus on knowing the heart of Jesus as we partner with God through the most dramatic chapter of human history.

(Full disclosure: I love to recommend resources to help you in your journey, and when I do I use Amazon affiliate links. If you purchase something through my links, I may receive a small commission. But if there’s a resource you want, I encourage you to get it wherever works best for you!)


Unfortunately, the study of the end times has been one of the areas that has been under attack in the church. The enemy is eager to create confusion about this most glorious and vital subject. In this post, I want to identify and briefly respond to some of the ideas that are currently floating around in the church. A few of these especially could be whole posts in and of themselves– leave me a comment and request which ones you’d like to see further developed!

I personally used to hold some of these ideas, and other people close to me still hold some of them. This post is not meant to shame or attack any individual who finds themselves resonating with any of these statements, but I want to be clear and honest about the truths that I see in Scripture. We’re all on a journey, and it’s maturity and wisdom to continually be open to refining.

1. Things Will Basically Continue Like Always

People have a tendency to imagine that life as they know it will continue basically undisturbed for a long time. It’s hard to wrap our minds around the proposition of everything changing overnight– but it’s happened before, and it will happen again. The best example is the flood in the days of Noah, when the people of that time thought life would continue indefinitely like normal, until they were caught off guard by judgment. Jesus made the connection clear (Matthew 24:37-39), and Peter followed suit (2 Peter 3:3-7):

“…scoffers… will say, ‘Where is the promise of his coming? For ever since the fathers fell asleep, all things are continuing as they were from the beginning of creation.’ For they deliberately overlook this fact, that the heavens existed long ago, and the earth was formed out of water and through water by the word of God, and that by means of these the world that then existed was deluged with water and perishedBut by the same word the heavens and earth that now exist are stored up for fire, being kept until the day of judgment and destruction of the ungodly.”
(2 Peter 3:3-7)

Of course, as I highlighted in part 1 of this series (Does God Want Us to Understand the End Times?), we aren’t supposed to be caught unaware. We need to take seriously the fact that one day everything will change, and prepare ourselves to thrive as the church in that day. As I write this in May 2020, COVID-19 is already starting to shake up our “normal,” but this is only the slightest tremor compared to the cataclysmic shaking that will come.

2. Studying the End Times Is a Distraction From More Important Things

It’s true we ought to “major on the majors, and minor on the minors”. However, if we’re taking our cues from how much the Bible talks about the end times, it turns out that it’s actually a rather major point! In fact, every single New Testament writer wrote about the end times. In total there are over 150 chapters in Scripture  that are primarily about that generation. Paul even made sure to teach the new church in Thessalonica about the end times during his brief three weeks there (Acts 17:1-2, 2 Thessalonians 2:1-12).

Keeping our hearts set on the day of Jesus’ coming and God’s end time purposes will actually push us into focusing on all those other things with a sharper perspective. I care far more about sanctification and evangelism, just to name two things, now that I see them in context of eternity and Jesus’ return. In fact, Jesus and the apostles regularly used the end times to motivate people into holy living. Check out my previous post in this series (Why Should We Study the End Times?) for more practical benefits of focusing on the end times!

3. We Can’t Understand the End Times Anyway

I sympathize with those who feel overwhelmed, but allowing that to be a permanent obstacle isn’t wise. God put 150 chapters about the end times in Scripture, Jesus commanded us to understand, the whole Bible is “profitable for teaching, for reproof, for correction, and for training in righteousness” (2 Timothy 3:16), and the subject is the most glorious, dramatic, global transition in human history…. it really seems like God wants us to get it! He knew that it would seem overwhelming, but He gave us everything we need in His Word and He gave us His Spirit to help us know the mysteries of God (1 Corinthians 2:9-16).

This understanding isn’t reserved for the elite or the educated; most of humanity throughout history has been fairly uneducated. You don’t need a doctorate or access to a huge theological library to understand the main and plain truths of God’s plan. All you need to do is cry out in humility and diligently seek wisdom (Proverbs 2:1-5). (For more, I suggest the first post in this series, Does God Want Us to Understand the End Times?)

4. Revelation Is the Scary Book

In addition to being confusing, Revelation is often perceived as the “scary book”. Of course it has some pretty intense and dramatic events, but the first verse sets the tone for the rest of the story– it’s the “revelation of Jesus Christ” (Revelation 1:1)! It’s not called the revelation of the antichrist or the end times. First and foremost, it’s meant to reveal Jesus.

Even in the intensity of the storyline, we see the heart of God on display. The judgments don’t start till chapter 6, and before that we see the beauty of Jesus in His glory (ch. 1), the faithfulness and kindness of Jesus toward His church (ch. 2-3), the glory of the heavenly throne room (ch. 4), and the worthiness of the Lamb (ch. 5). Even the judgment series are intercut with declarations of the goodness of God and His love for His bride, and the final chapters climax with our wedding to Jesus Himself when He comes to set up His kingdom, uniting heaven and earth forever (ch. 19-22). This is a glorious storyline that ushers us directly into the heart of Jesus!

5. It Will All Just Pan Out

Some people eschew terms like pre-trib or post-trib and call themselves “pan-trib,” as in “everything will just pan out.” This sounds clever, but it’s really an irresponsible approach. Even the saying “hope for the best, prepare for the worst” usually means “let’s hope we’ll just be raptured out of the way before the scary stuff starts” and doesn’t really embrace the glory of what God wants to do through the church during the time of the “worst”. Personally, I’ve never met a “hope for the best” person who is actually taking seriously preparing for the “worst.”

Of course God’s plans will come to pass with or without your understanding and participation, but no one on earth will be able to escape dealing with this. The question is, how will it pan out for you? Will you be found standing with God in agreement and partnership with His desires? Or will you and those who follow your example (your family, etc.) be confused, offended, and deceived?

6. Every Generation Thought It Was Them

This is a common misconception, but a brief survey of history shows it’s not quite true. While there have been localized communities of believers scattered throughout history that believed they were living in the final generation, it’s always been small groups not even representing 1% of believers on earth. There have only been two generations in which a majority of the global body of Christ has sustained a conviction (temporary surges of belief provoked by world crises notwithstanding) that they were the last generation: the first century church, and the modern church in the earth today.

Almost every time I’m in a conversation and share my belief that Jesus’ return is near, to my surprise, I gets nods and agreement! The Holy Spirit is growing this conviction in the church today, and it’s even impacting the secular world. What does it tell us that apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction is an entire genre in the Christian and secular entertainment industries alike?

7. Jesus Is Coming Any Minute to Rapture Us Before the Tribulation

This is a very common belief in much of the Western church today, although it wasn’t common until the early 1900s and doesn’t appear at all until 1825. It’s a far larger topic than I can cover in detail here, so for the moment I’ll point you to a teaching session from Brad Stroup at The Prayer Room called Disproving the Pre-Tribulation Rapture Theory. Another excellent resource is the book Not Afraid of the Antichrist by Dr. Michael Brown and Dr. Craig Keener.

Just to give a couple of verses to start you in the right direction, check out 2 Thessalonians 2:1-4 and Matthew 24:29-31. Both give clearly discernible, sequential timing indicators as to when the second coming and rapture will occur, including 1) the great falling away, 2) the revealing of the antichrist and his claiming to be God in the temple, and 3) the tribulation.

“Now concerning the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ and our being gathered together to him [rapture], we ask you, brothers, not to be quickly shaken in mind or alarmed, either by a spirit or a spoken word, or a letter seeming to be from us, to the effect that the day of the Lord has come. Let no one deceive you in any way. For that day will not come, unless the rebellion [great falling away] comes first, and the man of lawlessness [antichrist] is revealed, the son of destruction, who opposes and exalts himself against every so-called god or object of worship, so that he takes his seat in the temple of God, proclaiming himself to be God.
(2 Thessalonians 2:1-4)

“Immediately after the tribulation of those days the sun will be darkened, and the moon will not give its light, and the stars will fall from heaven, and the powers of the heavens will be shaken. Then will appear in heaven the sign of the Son of Man, and then all the tribes of the earth will mourn, and they will see the Son of Man coming on the clouds of heaven with power and great glory. And he will send out his angels with a loud trumpet call, and they will gather his elect [rapture] from the four winds, from one end of heaven to the other.”
(Matthew 24:29-31)

If you’re interested in a more thoroughly developed post on this subject, leave me a comment!

8. Bible Prophecy Is All Symbolic Anyway

I remember reading prophetic passages in Isaiah and being so confused because I had no idea where they fit in the story of God, so I concluded they must be symbolic. That was easier because I could make them mean whatever vague, encouraging thing I wanted. However, the Bible isn’t meant to be read like that. One of the keys to Scripture interpretation is to take things for their plain-sense meaning. In other words, assume things are generally literal unless the text clearly indicates otherwise.

So many things in the history of Scripture are fantastic and hard to imagine, but really did happen! The flood, the parting of the Red Sea, the virgin birth– all literal! When Jesus came the first time, there were so many specific prophecies that would have been easy to take symbolically, but they were in fact fulfilled exactly as written. (I wrote more about this in my post What Jesus’ First Coming Says About His Second Coming.) The end times are no different. God will be faithful to fulfill His word; we don’t have to make up symbolic interpretations that leave Scripture subject to any convenient meaning.

9. The End Time Prophecies Already Happened

Many dear friends of mine, plus teachers and ministries I respect deeply, believe that the end time prophecies in Matthew 24, Revelation, and the other prophetic scriptures already happened in 70 AD at the destruction of Jerusalem, or progressively at other points in history. This leads them to conclude that there is not an end time tribulation in our future, and things will mostly just get better and better until Jesus comes back.

There are a number of problems with this theology (and much of it is tied to our theology of Israel– God still has many future promises for His people! I recommend One King by Samuel Whitefield and When A Jew Rules the World by Joel Richardson.) but this post is already too long so here I’ll just say that none of the events in history, including the destruction of Jerusalem, can account for ALL the details that are promised in the end times. Matthew 24:21-22 says “there will be great tribulation, such as has not been from the beginning of the world until now, no, and never will be. And if those days had not been cut short, no human being would be saved.” The scale of the global end time drama is off the charts, even nearly causing the extinction of the human race. That has never even come close to happening!

Why Does It Matter?

As I wrote previously, what we believe about the end times has huge impact on how we live and how we prepare. If we really are living in the end times (stay tuned for a post on how to recognize the signs), then it is urgently important for the church to have a biblical perspective of not only what will happen, but how God feels about these events and what response He’s looking for.

My passion in talking about these things isn’t to argue over details or to be right for the sake of being right. I have a burden for the church to be in allignment with the heart of Jesus for the sake of love. He deserves a bride who is in full agreement and partnership with Him as the most crucial hour in human history begins to unfold. Lord, help– renew our minds and conform our hearts to Yours!

Intro to the End Times #3: Where is the Story Going?

Intro to the End Times is a series walking through some of the key themes of the story of Jesus’ return from a historic premillennial perspective, with special focus on knowing the heart of Jesus as we partner with God through the most dramatic chapter of human history.

(Full disclosure: I love to recommend resources to help you in your journey, and when I do I use Amazon affiliate links. If you purchase something through my links, I may receive a small commission. But if there’s a resource you want, I encourage you to get it wherever works best for you!)


The end times aren’t a wild disaster of history going off the rails; they are a story playing out exactly as God intends to bring about His ultimate purposes. As any writer knows, the end of a story is for tying up loose ends and bringing things to conclusion–while also teasing a sequel yet to come!

So what are God’s purposes in the end of the story?

1. He Will Prepare a Mature Bride

When Jesus comes, the church will be fully mature, pure and spotless. Revelation 19:7-8 says “His Bride has made herself ready; it was granted her to clothe herself with fine linen, bright and pure.” Ephesians 4:13 says that the church must continue to grow “until we all attain to the unity of the faith and of the knowledge of the Son of God, to mature manhood, to the measure of the stature of the fullness of Christ.” In the next chapter, Paul writes that Jesus will “present the church to himself in splendor, without spot or wrinkle or any such thing, that she might be holy and without blemish.” (Ephesians 5:27)

You and I both know that this is not what the Body of Christ looks like right now. It’s going to take some doing and no doubt some refining through fire (including a lot of persecution), but we can be confident that when Jesus comes, all of the compromise that plagues the church will have been stripped away, and we’ll be full of the Holy Spirit, desperately lovesick for Jesus, and fully in agreement with the plan of God. Jesus is worthy of a fully mature, equally yoked bride, and the Holy Spirit is going to see that He gets one.

2. He Will Send a Great Revival

Joel 2:8-32 promises a great outpouring of the Spirit on all flesh. In that same context, Joel describes “blood, fire, and columns of smoke” before the Day of the Lord. Peter borrowed from this passage to explain the Pentecost outpouring in Acts 2, but clearly, it wasn’t fully fulfilled on that day. Today, the indwelling Spirit is available to everyone, and God certainly pours out heavier anointing here and there, but it would be pretty anticlimactic to imagine that what the church is currently experiencing is the dramatic outpouring Joel prophesied.

Before Jesus comes back, the Church will experience a greater outpouring of anointing and power than we have ever experienced before, surpassing even the book of Acts, and the world will be filled with bold, zealous, anointed witnesses for Jesus. Signs and wonders at the hands of average believers will become commonplace, and we will be like “burning and shining lamps” like John the Baptist (John 5:35) proclaiming the gospel of the soon-coming Kingdom. As a result, millions worldwide will be saved in a great end-time harvest.

3. He Will Raise Up a Global Worship Movement

In many passages, the Bible promises a global prayer and worship movement that rises to full strength in the last generation, ushering in the return of Jesus. Malachi 1:11 is one of my favorites: “For from the rising of the sun to its setting my name will be great among the nations, and in every place incense will be offered to my name, and a pure offering.”

We’re seeing this happen RIGHT NOW under our noses! The proliferation of prayer and worship, even specifically 24/7 prayer and worship, around the globe in this generation has been nothing short of miraculous. God is raising up a mature, anointed, lovesick Bride who will “sing back the King” until His return.

4. He Will Judge Wickedness

Like the blood of Abel crying out from the ground (Genesis 4:10), the sins of humanity have been heaping up for judgment throughout the generations. In His mercy, God has mostly restrained Himself to give us time to repent, but He won’t be silent forever (Psalm 50:21, Isaiah 42:14). In the days right before Jesus returns, the brakes will have been taken off, so to speak, and human wickedness will have been allowed to reach its full potential (2 Timothy 3:2-5, Revelation 9:20-21). It will reach a breaking point where God will finally respond.

God’s judgment is always mixed with mercy, because His goal is really repentance, not destruction (Isaiah 55:6-7). God is using the least severe means to reach the greatest number at the deepest level of love without violating anyone’s free will. Everything He does is meticulously calculated with as much mercy as possible.  However, justice demands that He won’t just “let it slide” forever. There will be a day of recompense.

5. He Will Rescue His People

A large part of this judgment is in direct response to the oppression of His people by the antichrist and his kingdom. In that time frame, the anger of the antichrist will be vehemently directed against both the church and the people of Israel (Revelation 12). It’s not difficult to imagine him following Hitler’s example in setting up concentration camps. We’re going to desperately need Jesus to break in and rescue us. When He returns, He will literally “proclaim liberty to the captives” as Isaiah 61 says.

In prophesying about Israel in the end times, Zechariah 2:8 says, “he who touches you touches the apple of His eye.” In the same spirit, I really like Proverbs 6:34 in the NKJV: “For jealousy is a husband’s fury; therefore he will not spare in the day of vengeance.” Like any good husband, Jesus is not going to sit back and let the antichrist get away with tormenting His people. His judgment is out of fierce, protective, jealous love for His bride. (Yes, the church is His bride, but Israel was the nation He originally chose as His bride, and He is still faithful to His promises to her and is wooing her back.)

6. He Will Marry His Bride

“For the marriage of the Lamb has come…” (Revelation 19:7) After rescuing us, Jesus is going to marry us! This is the great climax of the story. This has been the great desire of His heart from eternity past. Right now, we could say that we are betrothed to Jesus, but there will be an actual wedding day when our union will be made complete.

Our union with Jesus as His bride is the pinnacle of the story because there’s a level of intimacy and partnership in marriage that is not present in any other kind of relationship– not master/servant, teacher/disciple, friend/friend, or father/child, although those are all also true. At the end of the story, the church is primarily identified as the bride (Revelation 22:17), in full and unhindered intimacy and partnership with Jesus for eternity.

7. He Will Rule on Earth Forever

Jesus is going to rule and reign as the actual king on planet Earth forever. He is spiritually king of the universe right now, but He doesn’t currently have the kind of tangible, governmental leadership He is destined to have. Revelation 11:15 describes this transition moment: “The kingdom of the world has become the kingdom of our Lord and of his Christ, and he shall reign forever and ever.”

My favorite verses are the ones that zero in on Jerusalem and the temple, which is the literal, physical place on earth from which He will rule as King. God told Ezekiel about the temple, “this is the place of my throne and the place of the soles of my feet, where I will dwell in the midst of the people of Israel forever.” (Ezekiel 43:7) Jesus and the psalmist both called Jerusalem “the city of the great king” (Matthew 5:45, Psalm 48:2). Can you imagine the day when JESUS is actually king on the earth?

8. He Will Fulfill All His Promises to Israel

The story of the Bible is Israel-centric. Ever since Abraham, God has been telling a story to and about the Jewish people; we as Gentile believers in a Jewish Messiah are graciously given a role to play and are no less full children of God, but there are still unique promises to Israel that God has yet to fulfill. The Abrahamic Covenant in Genesis 12 promised Abraham 1) land, 2) descendants, and 3) blessing. These promises won’t come to full fruition until Jesus comes back and sets up what we call the Millennial Kingdom, which Jews anticipate as the Messianic Age.

Jeremiah 31 promises that God will never cast off His covenant with Israel (like Romans 11:29 says, “the gifts and calling of God are irrevocable”), and also promises that He will bring a new covenant in which He will make them all righteous. Jesus’ first coming was the inauguration of that new covenant, but God’s promise of salvation to all Israel (Romans 11:26) has yet to be fulfilled. When Jesus comes, they will recognize Him and mourn, realizing their mistake for so long (Zechariah 12:10). On that day, God will finally begin to fulfill all of His promises to Israel and they will finally dwell in safety in the land as a righteous nation before Him.

My favorite book about this is One King by Samuel Whitefield.

9. He Will Restore All Things

At the moment, creation is broken. Romans 8:19-20 says that the earth itself is groaning for redemption. Acts 2:31 says, “that He may send Jesus Christ…whom heaven must receive until the times of restoration of all things.” (NKJV) God loves His original plan of creation, and plans to restore earth to that original “very good” state that He spoke over the universe before the fall (Genesis 1:31)–and because the increase of His kingdom will never end (Isaiah 9:7), it will keep getting better forever!

In the restoration, we will be given resurrected bodies that will be flawless, immortal, shining like stars, and much like Jesus’ own resurrected body (1 Corinthians 15). We will live on a restored earth, in restored bodies, interacting with God in restored relationship, forever. Every injustice and loss will be restored, and very tear will be wiped away (Revelation 21:4). No matter how broken it is now, this is the destiny of creation.

My favorite book about this is All Things New by John Eldredge.

10. He Will Unite Heaven and Earth

After #6 (He will marry His bride), this is probably the most deep and mysterious reality of all. One of the things that God will restore is the full union of heaven and earth, as He has intended since the garden of Eden. Ephesians 1:9-10 says, “making known to us the mystery of his will, according to his purpose, which he set forth in Christ as a plan for the fullness of time, to unite all things in him, things in heaven and things on earth.” There may be a lot of spiritual overlap in the present age, but this will fully happen when the New Jerusalem comes to earth (Revelation 21).

Then, the plan of God will finally, fully be complete. Jesus will reign with justice and righteousness over the whole earth. He will have His full inheritance in the nations and His glorious bride at His side. The Father will have His family restored and all of creation will celebrate.

Intro to the End Times #2: Why Should We Study the End Times?

Intro to the End Times is a series walking through some of the key themes of the story of Jesus’ return from a historic premillennial perspective, with special focus on knowing the heart of Jesus as we partner with God through the most dramatic chapter of human history.

(Full disclosure: I love to recommend resources to help you in your journey, and when I do I use Amazon affiliate links. If you purchase something through my links, I may receive a small commission. But if there’s a resource you want, I encourage you to get it wherever works best for you!)


My Story With the End Times

As I have written in several places on this website, my story with the end times starts when I was a child. From my earliest days I was fascinated by the return of Jesus. I remember asking my mom questions about the antichrist and resurrected bodies. I’m not even sure where I heard these terms, but I was insatiably curious.

When I was very young, I asked Jesus one night while I lay in bed, “Why don’t You come back right now? Why are you waiting?” That was the first time in my life I remember hearing His voice clearly: “TO GIVE PEOPLE TIME.” It wasn’t till years later that I realized that He had basically given me 2 Peter 3:9 on a silver platter.

In junior high and high school I barreled through the Left Behind books, inhaling one after another. Pre-tribulation rapture theology was the only eschatology I knew, and I was disappointed that there was no chance (so I thought) of being on earth during the tribulation. That seemed like the most exciting time! God doing BIG things, finally shaking the heavens and the earth, and the church standing firm, fiercely faithful to Jesus unto death! I used to speculate about my chances of getting un-saved, missing the rapture, and then immediately getting re-saved. I concluded it wouldn’t work because I couldn’t get un-saved because of love for Jesus; God would know my heart and I would just get raptured anyway.

I remember in 2004 when the final book, Glorious Appearing, was released. This was the great climax at the end of the tribulation when Jesus finally appeared in the sky. I made my mom take me to the Christian bookstore, and I stood in the aisle holding the book in trembling hands. My heart pounded and my breath came shallow as I flipped through the chapters and stopped to read every scene with Jesus in person on the page. JESUS. My Jesus, in person, locking eyes and speaking with us face to face.

Over the years, my passion for Jesus’ return only grew. I would drive around town (a little too fast) late at night with my windows down, dancing and yelling along with Cory Asbury’s lyrics, “One day He’s gonna split the sky and/One day He’s gonna come for His bride/I know it, I know it, I know it!”

Shortly after college, I stumbled across an IHOPKC teaching in favor of a post-trib rapture. That opened the door, and I became a post-tribber. Hallelujah, not out of the story after all!

About a year later I found myself at IHOPKC for the One Thing Internship, and that was where my eschatology started to solidify and really be based on Scripture. My passion only grew as I was finally seeing the story come together, laid out plainly in the Word. I spent long hours in the prayer room, poring over the New Testament, fitting the puzzle pieces together and realizing that the story is loud and consistent cover to cover!

Most importantly, I fell so much more in love with Jesus in all the dramatic, passionate, beautiful ways He reveals Himself in the final chapter of this age.

Why Study the End Times?

Did you know that there are at least 150 chapters in Scripture that are primarily about the generation of Jesus’ return? I’m not kidding! (You can find them laid out here with a note describing each.) To put that in perspective, the four gospels total only 89 chapters!

I’ve heard it said that the entire message of the end times can be summarized as “Jesus wins!” as though that’s the end of the conversation and all we need to know. And while I say YES AND AMEN to that, I also want to suggest that if all God wanted us to know about the end times is that “Jesus wins,” He wouldn’t have put 150 chapters in the Bible about it.

Therefore, if “all Scripture is breathed out by God and profitable for teaching, for reproof, for correction, and for training in righteousness, that the man of God may be complete, equipped for every good work,” (2 Timothy 3:16-17) what purpose are these 15o chapters supposed to serve in our lives?

Here are seven reasons I find studying the end times to be valuable.

1. It’s the End of the Story

Imagine going to the movie theater and the projector cuts out 20 minutes from the end. Would you be confused and upset? Of course! The story doesn’t make sense without the ending. So many things in Scripture don’t make sense without the promises of God that are yet to be fulfilled. There are so many loose ends in our story right now, but there is a climax in store that will tie them all up. As we dive into understanding the final chapter, the whole story will come into sharper focus.

The book It Must Be Finished by Samuel Whitefield approaches the return of Jesus from this perspective, laying out how how the second coming makes sense of the rest of the story. Samuel Whitefield is one of my favorite teachers/authors, and I highly recommend this book!

2. It’s Burning on Jesus’ Heart

This is the one that always gets me: JESUS is passionate about His return. He has plans and desires burning in His heart. Isaiah 63:4 says that the “day of vengeance was in [His] heart.” Song of Solomon 3:11 speaks of “the day of his wedding, on the day of the gladness of his heart.” This is the day He’s longing for.

The end times still seem ethereal and mysterious to us, but to Him, they are crystal clear and highly emotional. This is the time when He will destroy the works of darkness forever, and marry His Bride! I want my heart to burn for whatever His heart burns for, because I love Him and I want to be with Him where He is.

3. It Reveals Jesus

Throughout much of history, Jesus has been holding back the full expression of His passions (Isaiah 42:14). He hasn’t fully responded to injustice like He wants to. He hasn’t fully swept in to rescue His bride. He hasn’t fully poured out His Spirit in dramatic revival. BUT HE WILL. As we look at the story of what He really wants to do when all the chips are on the table and no holds are barred, we find out just who this Man really is.

Revelation 1:1 says that it’s the “revelation of Jesus Christ”. The climax of the story, when all things are revealed and every loose end from history is finally tied up, is the ultimate revealing of the heart of Jesus, finally at its fullest expression.

4. It Prepares Us Against Deception and Offense

As wickedness and deception increases in the earth, and God’s judgments along with them, the church will face two great tests: deception and offense. Jesus told us that deception would be a key defining feature of the end times (Matthew 24:1-3). There will be many false religious movements and an entire culture intent on lulling us to sleep, luring us into sin, and dulling our hearts to God.

On the other hand, offense at God will also be a real danger for the church. If our theology and relationship with God didn’t prepare us to see Him doing the things the Bible tells us He will do, we run the very real risk of being offended and pushing back from Him. We can strengthen ourselves against both of these dangers by a spiritually violent lifestyle of prayer and the Word, sharpened by fasting and wrapped in godly community, so that we deeply know the heart of God no matter what pressures may come.

5. It Prompts Us to Live With Urgency

If you knew for a fact that Jesus would be returning 20 years from now, how would you live? What life decisions would you make? What would you teach your kids? What would you study in Scripture? How would you pray? How would you do discipleship and evangelism?

A person who was living like that would be on fire, in love with Jesus, constantly in prayer, desperate to be in the center of God’s will, willing to give anything, constantly aware of the nearness of eternity. But guess what– this lifestyle should be normal Christianity anyway! Studying the end times helps us believe it’s real, and our lifestyles will come to reflect that urgency.

6. It Equips Us to Partner with God

In giving us the script ahead of time, God is inviting us to play a role in the drama. He could just do everything by Himself without our participation–but that has never been His way. In the middle of the storm, there will also be a great revival as the church shines brightly and the Holy Spirit is poured out like never before. He wants a church living with faithfulness and urgency who are ready vessels for Him to anoint with power.

Just like John the Baptist served as a forerunner for Jesus’ first coming, God is raising up forerunners who “prepare the way of the Lord” (Isaiah 40:3) for His second coming. He’s looking for prophetic messengers who will proclaim who He is and what He’s doing. There has never been a generation more desperately in need of clear voices of truth, like light piercing through a dark fog. We must posture ourselves to be faithful witnesses, in full surrender to the Holy Spirit.

7. It Strengthens Us in Hope

Knowing the end of the story gives us confidence of victory no matter how difficult things get–especially when we spend time learning the actual details and context of that victory. Biblical details cemented in our imaginations are more powerful than general positive statements.

In 1 Thessalonians 4, Paul describes the resurrection and rapture at Jesus’ coming and wraps up his message, “Therefore encourage one another with these words.” (verse 18) If we can continually set our hearts on the “eternal weight of glory” that we will inherit on that day, even all the difficulties of the end times will fall into perspective as only “light momentary afflictions”! (2 Corinthians 4:17)

But Will I Get Weird?

Some people are concerned that focusing on the end times will cause them to be out of balance, obsessive, and just plain weird. Honestly, anyone can get weird about anything if they’re not rooted in the Word and submitted to healthy spiritual leadership. Weird generally starts when you get your ideas from the internet instead of the Bible! Stay in the Word, stay in prayer, stay plugged into healthy community, stay submitted to godly leadership, and stay striving for love and humility in all things. You’ll be okay.

I can confidently say that over the past 8 years as I have been prayerfully immersing myself in this storyline, I have fallen so much more deeply in love with Jesus and His word. I’ve only seen good fruit in my heart, and I can’t imagine living without a burning conviction about the story of His return.

Intro to the End Times #1: Does God Want Us to Understand the End Times?

Intro to the End Times is a series exploring some of the key themes of the story of Jesus’ return from a historic premillennial perspective, with special focus on knowing His heart as we partner with God through the most dramatic chapter of human history.


New Series – Intro to the End Times

Welcome to the first installment of my new series! I’ve been studying the end times for almost 8 years now (though not super intensely in every season), and I’ve fallen so much more in love with Jesus through understanding more of His heart for the climax of history. I’m excited to share this series with you!

I believe we’re right on the brink of a massive transition in history, really THE most massive transition ever–the return of Jesus to the planet to personally establish His kingdom forever. The Bible promises a series of earth-shaking events leading up to that moment, and right now, we’re beginning to realize that COVID-19 might be part of that escalating trend. What better time to dig into the Word and get wisdom to understand the season we’re living in?

Are We Even Supposed to Understand?

A friend of mine used to call herself an “eschatological agnostic,” saying, “Everyone was wrong about the first coming, so we’ll probably all be wrong about the second coming!” However, that perspective is flawed because 1) not everyone was wrong, and 2) those who were got rebuked for it!

Amos 3:7 says, “For the Lord GOD does nothing without revealing his secret to his servants the prophets.” How could we even imagine that God would do something as massive as the end time judgments and the second coming of Jesus and NOT want His people to understand?

God wants us to know what He’s doing. That includes the end times.

The Bible says a lot about God’s desire for us to understand these things. Let’s look at a few of the key verses (this isn’t an exhaustive list, but it’s a good start):

1. The Fig Tree

“From the fig tree learn its lesson: as soon as its branch becomes tender and puts out its leaves, you know that summer is near. So also, when you see all these things, you know that he is near, at the very gates. Truly, I say to you, this generation will not pass away until all these things take place.”
(Matthew 24:32-35)

Matthew 24 and 25, together with the parallels in Mark 13 and Luke 21, are known as the “Olivet Discourse,” the time when Jesus taught on the end times from the Mount of Olives. These passages are among the clearest descriptions in Scripture of what to expect, straight from Jesus’ own mouth. If you don’t know where to start in studying the end times, make these chapters your bread and butter!

Here, Jesus uses the natural example of a fig tree; the people were very familiar with how to recognize the changing of the leaves and know that the season was changing. Jesus is saying that the signs of His coming will be THAT clear–but we are commanded to “learn” this lesson so that we pay attention and don’t miss them! Then “this generation” (the generation that sees the signs) will see all of the events unfold and Jesus Himself return.

2. Interpret the Signs

“And the Pharisees and Sadducees came, and to test him they asked him to show them a sign from heaven. He answered them, ‘When it is evening, you say, “It will be fair weather, for the sky is red.” And in the morning, “It will be stormy today, for the sky is red and threatening.” You know how to interpret the appearance of the sky, but you cannot interpret the signs of the times. An evil and adulterous generation seeks for a sign, but no sign will be given to it except the sign of Jonah.’ So he left them and departed.”
(Matthew 16:1-4)

In Jesus’ day, the religious leaders were looking for a sign to test Jesus. They weren’t searching the Scriptures and genuinely trying to recognize the Messiah; they were saying in essence, “Where’s the neon sign? It’s not so obvious to us!” and Jesus was responding, “All the signs are already happening all around you! What more do you want? You know well enough how to recognize weather patterns; why are you so blind to the signs of God moving in your own generation?”

Describing the end times, Peter tells us that “scoffers will come in the last days with scoffing, following their own sinful desires. They will say ‘Where is the promise of his coming?…'” (1 Peter 3:3-4) The Pharisees were essentially doing the same thing, deliberately oblivious to the signs because they didn’t want to see them. God makes the signs clear to the hungry and humble, but the arrogant are guaranteed to miss them.

Jesus’ harsh rebuke to the Pharisees serves as a warning for us today: don’t be arrogant against the signs that God is already giving. God wants interpreting the signs to be as normal to us as interpreting natural weather patterns.

3. Suddenly Like a Trap

“But watch yourselves lest your hearts be weighed down with dissipation and drunkenness and cares of this life, and that day come upon you suddenly like a trapFor it will come upon all who dwell on the face of the whole earth. But stay awake at all times, praying that you may have strength to escape all these things that are going to take place, and to stand before the Son of Man.”
(Luke 21:34-36)

Here, Jesus warns that if we do NOT stay awake and watchful, the day of the Lord will come “suddenly like a trap.” For those who are busy living their own lives, unaware of the storyline, this will be their perspective– it came out of nowhere and now they’re caught in this trap of God’s judgments completely unprepared! By contrast, for those who are staying awake, the events of the end times won’t be a sudden surprise; they will be fully aware of what’s happening as the signs begin to unfold.

Jesus is giving us the prescription to avoid being surprised and caught in the trap: keep alert, and don’t be weighed down by the distractions of this life. By doing these things, our hearts will be strengthened to “escape” the trap of being caught by surprise.

4. It Won’t Come Unless

“Now concerning the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ and our being gathered together to him, we ask you, brothers, not to be quickly shaken in mind or alarmed, either by a spirit or a spoken word, or a letter seeming to be from us, to the effect that the day of the Lord has come. Let no one deceive you in any way. For that day will not come, unless the rebellion comes first, and the man of lawlessness is revealed, the son of destruction, who opposes and exalts himself against every so-called god or object of worship, so that he takes his seat in the temple of God, proclaiming himself to be God. Do you not remember that when I was still with you I told you these things?
(2 Thessalonians 2:1-5)

1 and 2 Thessalonians are a gold mine of teaching on the end times. In this passage, Paul tells the church that the day of the Lord (here referring to the specific event of Jesus’ coming and the rapture, verse 1) cannot possibly sneak up on the church without us realizing what is happening (“has already come”). The events leading up to it will be very clear and recognizable. That day will not come unless several things happen first: the rebellion (the great falling away, in which many leave the faith), the revelation of the antichrist, and the moment when the antichrist sits down in the temple in Jerusalem and proclaims himself to be God (the abomination of desolation–Matthew 24:15, Daniel 11:31). These are clear signs that we are expected to study and recognize.

Paul even said that he taught them about these things while he was with them. This is especially fascinating because according to Acts 17, Paul was only in Thessalonica for three weeks. During that time, he taught in the synagogue, some people got saved, and they became a church plant which Paul taught as much as he could in that short time before getting kicked out of the city.

If the end times was something Paul considered essential theology to cover in his discipleship class while he was planting a new church… that should really tell us something about the importance of these subjects for the church today!

5. Keep What is Written

“The revelation of Jesus Christ, which God gave him to show to his servants the things that must soon take place. He made it known by sending his angel to his servant John, who bore witness to the word of God and to the testimony of Jesus Christ, even to all that he saw. Blessed is the one who reads aloud the words of this prophecy, and blessed are those who hear, and who keep what is written in it, for the time is near.”
(Revelation 1:1-3)

In the first few verses of Revelation, it says that the purpose is “to show His servants the things that must soon take place.” God wants us to see and to know! He wants to show us and to bring us into the story.

Furthermore, there is a special blessing promised for those who:

  • read it aloud — in John’s day, this letter would have been read aloud to the church that received it, so the reader wasn’t only reading privately but was in fact proclaiming it.
  • hear it — which surely means more than simply hearing the words but also humble, attentive listening.
  • keep it — i.e., hide it in their in hearts and live in active response to it.

Let’s be those who read, hear, and keep Jesus’ word to us!

But Didn’t Jesus Say “No One Knows”?

“But concerning that day and hour no one knows, not even the angels of heaven, nor the Son, but the Father only… Therefore, stay awake, for you do not know on what day your Lord is coming. But know this, that if the master of the house had known in what part of the night the thief was coming, he would have stayed awake and would not have let his house be broken into. Therefore you also must be ready, for the Son of Man is coming at an hour you do not expect.”
(Matthew 24:36, 42-44)

These verses are often used to tell us that since “no one knows”, we might as well check out and not focus on it. However, we must be careful that we don’t let one verse cause us to overlook all the other verses that paint a larger picture. Many passages clearly say we can and should know the season–the general timeframe if not the exact day or hour–and therefore must KEEP AWAKE. Not knowing exactly should be motivation to pay close attention and keep watch, so that we can recognize the season when it comes.

Not even the Son knows? We must remember that Jesus was speaking as a man on earth at this point. The exact nature of how Jesus’ omniscience played out during His earthly life is a larger topic, but it may be possible that He didn’t know the details at that moment, but He does now, as the glorified, ascended Son sitting at the right hand of the Father!

Thief In the Night

I remember a song that said, “Like a thief in the night/Like a runaway train…/I’m ready now/but somehow I know you’ll take me by surprise.” It was an exciting song, but this is not the testimony of Scripture! The idea of Jesus coming as a “thief in the night” is not intended to tell us that everyone will be surprised no matter what we do.

What clinched it for me was a passage in 1 Thessalonians 5 that directly addresses this exact argument.

“For you yourselves are fully aware that the day of the Lord will come like a thief in the night. While people are saying, ‘There is peace and security,’ then sudden destruction will come upon them as labor pains come upon a pregnant woman, and they will not escape. But you are not in darkness, brothers, for that day to surprise you like a thief. For you are all children of light, children of the day. We are not of the night or of the darkness. So then let us not sleep, as others do, but let us keep awake and be sober.”
(1 Thessalonians 5:2-6)

This is Paul’s commentary on the Olivet Discourse passages in question. Look at the clear distinction he is making.

“While people [the unbelieving/sleeping world] are saying, ‘There is peace and safety’ [the temporary, false peace that precedes the antichrist and the most intense judgments], then sudden destruction will come upon them as labor pains come upon a pregnant woman, and they will not escape [the trap that Luke 21 describes].”

Is it for the church to be so caught off guard? NO! We are not in darkness for that day to surprise us like a thief!

Paul’s prescription is to stay awake. Be aware. Watch and pray. We must study, pray, fast, and give ourselves to a lifestyle that will set us up to be ready and awake when He comes.

What Jesus’ First Coming Says About His Second Coming

Merry Christmas! Two years ago during the Christmas season I wrote a post called Incarnation: The Humility of Jesus. It’s still one of my favorite posts I’ve ever written, so I haven’t much wanted to try to top it, but this year I do have something specific on my heart to share.

I was listening a recent episode of the CBETS podcast featuring Pastor Isaac Bennett on the topic of how the first coming of Jesus points to the second. I listened to it at least three times, feeling my heart awaken to these ideas, and I feel this is a post worth sharing this year.

During the Christmas season, the church excels at focusing on the first coming of Jesus. We rightfully celebrate the story of God becoming flesh, being born in a humble manger, to live and die as a flesh-and-blood human. We meditate on the wonder of light breaking into darkness, God dwelling with man, Emmanuel, God with us. We imagine the world holding its breath, the silent night, midnight clear shattered by angel armies heralding the arriving King with songs of “Glory”. We enter into the anticipation and experience the profound joy of the Son of God entering into His creation, inaugurating a new era, a new kind of kingdom the world has never seen. It’s a beautiful season of anticipation, joy, and hope.

But it’s only the beginning of the story.

He didn’t come as a baby only to live, die, resurrect, and give us spiritual new life now, and the promise of heaven when we die. All of that is amazing enough, but the Christmas story (and even the Easter story) lays the groundwork for the ultimate climax of the story: the Day He comes back to rule and reign forever.

In fact, there are so many references to His second coming and Millennial rule hidden in plain sight right in our favorite Christmas passages.

“‘And you, O Bethlehem, in the land of Judah, are by no means least among the rulers of Judah; for from you shall come a ruler who will shepherd my people Israel.’”
(Matthew 2:6, cf Micah 5:2-4)

“But you, O Bethlehem Ephrathah, who are too little to be among the clans of Judah, from you shall come forth for me one who is to be ruler in Israel, whose coming forth is from of old, from ancient days… And he shall stand and shepherd his flock in the strength of the LORD, in the majesty of the name of the LORD his God. And they shall dwell secure, for now he shall be great to the ends of the earth.”
(Micah 5:2-4)

Micah 5 promises that from Bethlehem will come a ruler and shepherd over Israel who will be great to the ends of the earth (see also Mal. 1:11) and will give Israel secure dwelling in the land. This has not happened yet; although Jesus is a spiritual King who gives spiritual peace now, the fullness of this is a promise for the Millennium.

“And behold, you will conceive in your womb and bear a son, and you shall call his name Jesus. He will be great and will be called the Son of the Most High. And the Lord God will give to him the throne of his father David, and he will reign over the house of Jacob forever, and of his kingdom there will be no end.
(Luke 1:31-33)

Again, Jesus is not currently ruling and reigning on the throne of David, and He didn’t do that in His first coming. This will happen when He comes back.

“And Mary said, ‘My soul magnifies the Lord…He has helped his servant Israel, in remembrance of his mercy, as he spoke to our fathers, to Abraham and to his offspring forever.'”
(Luke 1:46-56)

Mary’s prophetic song celebrating God’s faithfulness is very eschatological. She celebrates His upturning the world’s power structures and fulfilling His promises to Abraham. Her praise isn’t necessarily about spiritual salvation for the whole world but about the fulfillment of the Abrahamic covenant and the Messiah who would establish the kingdom of Israel in its rightful place.

(For more about the Abrahamic covenant and its fulfillment when Jesus returns, read my post “What Are God’s Promises to Israel?“)

“And his father Zechariah was filled with the Holy Spirit and prophesied, saying, ‘Blessed be the Lord God of Israel, for he has visited and redeemed his people and has raised up a horn of salvation for us in the house of his servant David, as he spoke by the mouth of his holy prophets from of old, that we should be saved from our enemies and from the hand of all who hate us; to show the mercy promised to our fathers and to remember his holy covenant, the oath that he swore to our father Abraham, to grant us that we, being delivered from the hand of our enemies, might serve him without fear, in holiness and righteousness before him all our days.”
(Luke 1:67-75)

Zechariah declared that Jesus would be the Son of David who would deliver Israel from her enemies and fulfill the Abrahamic covenant. Again, this hasn’t happened yet. Both Zechariah and Mary were inspired by the Holy Spirit; they weren’t just confused about Jesus’ purpose. In the heart of God, the first coming is intrinsically connected to the second coming.

So as we meditate on Jesus’ first coming in the Christmas story, what insights can we glean to prepare our hearts to anticipate His future, final coming?

1. Jesus is human.

In our celebration of the Christmas season, one of the things we celebrate is the humanity of Jesus—the fleshliness of the babe lying in a manger. His newborn cry strikes our hearts, and His tiny feet with real baby toenails move us to awe. God took on flesh. This was the biggest change that had ever happened to the Godhead; God had never been human before. He had appeared in physical shape now and then, perhaps, in what we call the theophanies of the Old Testament, but in the incarnation, Jesus became human… forever.

Forever.

Ever since the Holy Spirit touched Mary’s womb and Jesus was conceived, He has been truly, fully human. He has DNA. He didn’t stop being human when He ascended, even as you and I won’t stop being human and turn into angels or some other species when we pass into the presence of God. Jesus is human— right now, at the right hand of the Father, a Jewish man with skin and arm hair is sitting in a throne. He is radiant in glory, to be sure—but human, nonetheless.

“This Jesus, who was taken up from you into heaven, will come in the same way as you saw him go into heaven.”
(Acts 1:11)

When He comes, He will be a real, physical, human King. His actual feet will kick up dust on the Mount of Olives (Zec. 14:4). His holy, glorified butt will sit on the real throne of David in Jerusalem (Ps. 132:11, Is. 9:7, Is. 16:5, Mt.19:28, Lk. 1:32).

When we meditate on the incarnation of Jesus as a baby, let’s also meditate on how that same human will one day descend from the sky to rule the earth as a real, human king.

2. The prophecies are trustworthy.

Defending on how you count it, there are somewhere around 300 prophecies in the Old Testament about the Messiah. (This list from Bible.org is a good starter.) When we study His life in the gospels, we are in awe at how precisely the prophecies were fulfilled. He really was born of a virgin (Is. 7:14). He really did enter Jerusalem riding on a donkey (Zec. 9:9). He really was offered sour wine to drink on the cross (Ps. 69:9).

In the first coming of Jesus, God proved that He was serious about fulfilling His Word very specifically and literally. Zechariah 9:9 (“Behold, your king is coming to you… humble and mounted on a donkey, on a colt, the foal of a donkey.”) wasn’t written just to give us the general truth that the Messiah would be humble. Of course, a whole point can be made about the humility of a king who rides on a donkey rather than a war horse, but the donkey wasn’t only symbolic. It was a was specific, literal detail that Jesus fulfilled in a specific, literal way.

In the second coming of Jesus, there are specific, literal details to be fulfilled. Jesus really will come riding on a white horse carrying a sword and wearing a robe spattered with the blood of His enemies (Re. 19:11-15, Ps. 45:3-5, Is. 63:1-6). His actual feet really will stand on the Mount of Olives and it will split in half (Zec. 14:4). He really will reign on the earth for an actual, literal 1000 years (Re. 20:2-7).

God always fulfills His promises precisely and completely. We can take His Word at face value and put our hope in it.

3. Prophetic information is given.

It’s fascinating to look at the Christmas story and see how individuals responded to the prophetic information about Jesus’ coming.

  • Mary saw an angel and believed and acted according to its message.
  • Joseph had a dream and believed and acted according to its message.
  • Zachariah saw an angel and first doubted, was disciplined, and then believed and acted on its message.
  • Elizabeth (and the baby inside her) recognized Mary’s child and believed and acted on this recognition.
  • The shepherds saw angels and believed and acted according to their message, even preaching the news far and wide.
  • Simeon received a prophetic promise and believed and acted on its message
  • Anna recognized Mary’s child and believed and acted on this recognition, even preaching the news far and wide.
  • The magi saw a star, understood its reference to prophecy, and believed and acted on its message.
  • Herod heard of the prophecy and believed and acted on its message (less positively!).

“For the Lord GOD does nothing without revealing his secret to his servants the prophets.”
(Amos 3:7)

Not only was there abundant prophetic information already available in the Scripture about the birth of the Messiah, but God gave clear and specific prophetic information to a number of people. He wanted His Son to be recognized, even though His goal at the time was still relative anonymity compared to the global drama of the second coming!

God loves partnership. Jesus rebuked the Pharisees in their day for missing the signs of what God was doing in their generation (Mt. 16:2-3). God really, really wants people to recognize what generation they’re living in and respond accordingly.

4. Preparation is necessary.

A few people played preparation roles in Jesus’ first coming, including John the Baptist, Simeon, and Anna. John the Baptist was born roughly the same time as Jesus, and while Jesus was in Nazareth learning to be a carpenter, John was out in the desert being prepared to be “the voice of one crying in the wilderness: ‘Prepare the way of the Lord.'” (Mt. 3:3) He lived a lifestyle of prayer, fasting, and no doubt study of the Scriptures and learning to hear God’s voice. He served very clearly as a forerunner for Jesus’ ministry, calling the people of Israel to repent and receive Him.

Simeon and Anna did not live to see Jesus’ ministry as an adult, but they were among the few to recognize Him as a baby. Simeon had received a promise from the Lord that He would not die before he saw the Messiah, and he lived in faith and anticipation. He isn’t described as a priest, but was merely an ordinary man “righteous and devout, waiting for the consolation of Israel, and the Holy Spirit was upon him.” (Lk. 2:25) He had prepared his heart for the coming of the Messiah, and God gave him the great gift of seeing it with his own eyes and prophesying over His family.

Anna’s life is even more extraordinary. She was married (likely as a young woman) for only seven years before her husband died, and she spent the rest of her life single, completely focused on God.

She did not depart from the temple, worshiping with fasting and prayer night and day.”
(Luke 2:37)

Because she had cultivated a lifestyle of prayer and fasting in the house of the Lord, she was also prepared to meet and recognize the Messiah, and she then became a messenger, spreading His name to anyone who would listen.

In the drama of the second coming, too, God is raising up those who will live with intentionality and focus, prepared to prepare the way. He is coming soon, and He is looking for those who live with prayer and fasting in His house like Anna, set their hearts on the consolation of Israel like Simeon, and be bold messengers prepared in the wilderness like John.

5. He comes in an unexpected way.

Though some did recognize and agree with what God was doing in their generation, many missed it because they didn’t know what to expect. Jesus visited His own hometown and was rejected because they were incapable of reconciling the boy they had watched grow up with their vision of a conquering warrior Messiah. (Mt. 13:53-58) There was a certain level of pride and confidence in their own expectation that didn’t allow them to see the unexpected thing God was doing right under their noses.

From our 21st century perspective, we shake our heads at their short-sightedness because we can clearly see the kid from Nazareth as the Son of God. We have acclimated to the gentle, lowly picture of Jesus, the exact picture Israel was not expecting. We see Him more as the meek and lowly lamb rather than the mighty warrior king… and therefore we run the risk of missing Him the second time.

Israel’s expectation of a mighty, delivering warrior wasn’t wrong; they just didn’t understand the timing. He had to come first as a sacrificial lamb. But if we forget that the warrior really is who Jesus is, and see Him only as “so lowly, meek, and mild”, we may find ourselves making the exact reverse of the mistake that Israel made the first time.

In any generation, we don’t want to be those who are out of alignment with His plans. Let us be like Simeon, Anna, John, Elizabeth, Joseph, and Mary, who had tender hearts open to agree with what God was doing. This is why preparation in a lifestyle of prayer, fasting, and the Word is so crucial.

6. God desires nearness.

Ever since the Garden, the heartbeat of God has been for nearness with us. He has longed for no separation. The incarnation was dramatic proof of that– Emmanuel, God with us. The Word became flesh and dwelt among us. He lived a lifetime among us, a pure representation of the heart of the Father. He got close, broke bread with us, had friends and best friends, and opened His arms to all who would come.

In His second coming, again His deep heart cry is for intimate nearness. He wants to be back on the ground here with us. When God created the earth, His desire was to dwell on it with us, forever. Sin interrupted that plan. The incarnation was a foretaste, paving the way. The second coming is the fulfillment of His dearest dream.

Father, I desire that they also, whom you have given me, may be with me where I am…”
(John 17:24)

“And I heard a loud voice from the throne saying, ‘Behold, the dwelling place of God is with man. He will dwell with them, and they will be his people, and God himself will be with them as their God.'”
(Revelation 21:3)

This is what He wants.

The incarnation–Christmas, the first coming–was Phase I. Phase II will be more glorious than we can imagine.

As we celebrate and meditate on the Messiah born for us, let us celebrate and meditate also on the same Messiah coming for us, to make all the wrong things right, fulfill every promise, and to be with us forever.

Emmanuel.

Come, Lord Jesus.

What I’m Reading: All Things New

(Full disclosure: I love to recommend resources to help you in your journey, and when I do I use Amazon affiliate links. If you purchase something through my links, I may receive a small commission. But if there’s a resource you want, I encourage you to get it wherever works best for you!)

This past Christmas, my family blessed me with a big stack of books I had put on my wishlist. (Yes, we do wishlists in my fam, and it’s great!) One I was especially excited about was All Things New by John Eldredge. If you’ve been reading Fragrance Arise for a while you know that I quote him every chance I get (like in Why The Beauty of Jesus is My Life Message) and recently reread and blogged about his book Epic. Few authors have impacted me more. Normally I wouldn’t blog about the same author two What I’m Reading posts in a row, but this one is fresh on my heart and I’m so excited to talk about it.

John Eldredge is probably– no, is definitely– my favorite contemporary nonfiction author. His perspective on the Story of God and the sacred romance of our relationship with Him has captivated my heart’s imagination and given beautifully potent imagery to the way I think about God. (Fun fact– John Eldredge’s book The Sacred Romance was a key inspiration for Ted Dekker’s portrayal of the “Great Romance” in the Circle series of novels. So I even owe my Dekker obsession to John Eldredge!)

All Things New is John’s newest book, and it draws its name from a verse toward the very end of the Bible:

“And he who was seated on the throne said, ‘Behold, I am making all things new.'”
(Revelation 21:5)

It’s a portrait of the “happily ever after” at the end of the story of this age, after Jesus returns, when God restores everything that has been stolen and broken, and fully gives us every good and perfect gift to enjoy forever.

I have to admit– I was nervous to start this book. As excited as I was, I actually procrastinated several months after receiving it. The idea of the “restoration of all things” (as Acts 3:21 says it) in the Millennial Kingdom and beyond is not new to me, and ever since I started studying the end times about seven years ago, the hope of that final glorious restoration has been an anchor to my soul and a theological truth very near and dear to my heart.

However, I know that there are many different end time beliefs in the body of Christ, and I LOVE John Eldredge so much that I just really didn’t want to be disappointed. It took the encouragement of a friend whose judgment I have grown to trust for me to take the plunge… and holy crap, I’m so glad I did. (He actually barely touches specific beliefs about the return of Jesus. The tribulation isn’t mentioned once. I think people from across the eschatological spectrum would be blessed by this book and wouldn’t find much to argue with.)

What I love most about this book is that as much as it is richly biblical, it’s far more deeply emotional. None of the theology was new to me, but John’s way of drawing out the emotional implications moved me to tears more than once.

The book begins with John sharing very candidly about some heartbreaking losses he and his family experienced– a grandchild, a best friend. Amid the agony of that season, the need for a vibrant hope in a future restoration became desperately clear. We need more than the vague idea that “they’re in a better place” and someday we’ll be together again in some vague cloud of ethereal bliss. We need a “wild hope” (a phrase which both C. S. Lewis and John Eldredge are fond of) in a very REAL, tangible, concrete Restoration.

“The secret to your unhappiness and the answer to the agony of the earth are one and the same–we are longing for the kingdom of God. We are longing for the restoration of all things. That is the only hope strong enough, brilliant enough, glorious enough to overcome the heartache of this world.”
(John Eldredge, All Things New, p 17)

Isn’t this what we have been dreaming of? Most of us don’t have words for it, but whenever we experience those rare moments of pure joy, something in us longs for it to last forever. Even more, when we experience the terrible, ripping pain of loss, we cry out for “everything sad… to come untrue”, as Tolkein’s Samwise Gamgee put it. Deep in our gut, we know what we were made for. We feel the brokenness of the world and know that we were made for more. And we’re going to get it.

We must dare to imagine a very real, future, restored Kingdom on Earth.

What can we look forward to in the Restoration?

Our bodies will be resurrected and infused with glory. All pain and physical limitations will be gone. This hope especially has become central in the mythology of this generation– the heroes of Marvel and DC. The vampires of Twilight. We know deep to our core that our very bodies were made for more.

Earth will be made new, which is not to say that it will be destroyed and Earth 2.0 will take its place, but it will actually be made new— renewed, restored, made young and bright and innocent again. Earth, our Earth, not an ethereal swirly realm of heavenly fluff.

WE WILL LIVE IN RESURRECTED BODIES ON A RESTORED EARTH FOREVER.

This is a huge point which John develops carefully and biblically in chapter 2:

“This passage [Revelation 21] isn’t just about heaven, the Sweet By-and-By. John is shown the New Jerusalem coming down out of heaven… the city of God comes to the earth. The dwelling of God, which has heretofore been heaven, comes to humans, who dwell on the earth. Notice also that God promises to make current things new–as opposed to making all ne wthings. If God were wiping away reality as we know it and ushering in a new reality, the phrase would have been ‘I am making all new things!’… Annihilation is not nearly as impressive as redemption.”
(John Eldredge, All Things New, p 25, 31)

The animal kingdom will be restored to rightful balance. The lion will lie down with the lamb and so much more! We will all be Steve Irwin, with even more perfect and fearless harmony between species.

We will be reunited with loved ones. My last memories of my grandma are of tiredness, illness, and forgetfulness. I can’t wait to see her in the renewed world– younger than I ever knew her, with perfect stamina and memory, no more mental blocks from childhood trauma, her beautiful operatic voice never breaking or tiring. She will want to show me her favorite places in Oregon, where she grew up, I’m sure– her favorite rivers where the deer will gather and eat out of our hands, her favorite bike trails and mountaintop views.

We will meet the heroes of renown (and also the unsung heroes) from generations of the family of God. My friend Hannah and I have made a plan to sit down with C. S. Lewis for coffee in the New Jerusalem just as soon as we get a chance. We will have all eternity for good old Jack, the father of Narnia, to become our best friend.

All relationships in Christ will be restored. The old friend who let hardness overtake them and won’t speak to me anymore… if reconciliation is not to be in this age, we WILL have it to the full in the next age. We will love each other perfectly forever. I actually think of this often… it frees my heart to smile and forgive, knowing that they will embrace me again one day, like it or not!

Jesus will fully vindicate us of every injustice. He will give us real, specific rewards that publicly make known how He felt about us in the hardest times, when we chose humility through pressure and pain. He will loudly tell our story the way He saw it, without distortion. No matter what people say about me now, a day of vindication is coming.

Hope: The Anchor of our Souls

If hope in the Restoration becomes a very real expectation in our hearts, it will change everything. Every loss seems more temporary and bearable. Every moment of joy isn’t fleeting, but just a down payment of future bliss. Every lost opportunity is nothing compared to the infinite opportunities in an eternal, renewed Kingdom.

One of the simplest stories from All Things New perhaps impacted me the most. John’s daughter-in-law Emilie had been looking forward to a backpacking trip with some old and dear friends. When the trip was canceled, she smiled and said confidently, “Never mind. I’ll see them at the Restoration.”

What a perspective of confident expectation! How silly are our “bucket lists” when we have all eternity to adventure, explore, and experience.

Maybe someday I will write another post developing some of these ideas directly from Scripture, but today I’m just sharing my imaginings and musings. For now, read All Things New (get it on Amazon), and if you like, check out my post on resurrected bodies called Easter: The Promise of Future Resurrection.

May we always set our hope on that Day.

“…that he may send the Christ appointed for you, Jesus, whom heaven must receive until the time for restoring all the things about which God spoke by the mouth of his holy prophets long ago.”
(Acts 3:20-21)

Easter: The Promise of Future Resurrection

Happy Easter! He is risen!

2000ish years ago, He who was in the form of God took the form of man, the form of a servant, and humbled Himself by becoming obedient to the point of death, even death on a cross. (Philippians 2:5-8) He was despised and rejected, pierced for our transgressions, and by His stripes we are healed. (Isaiah 53:3-5)

I’ve written about the crucifixion before in a few different posts before, so check them out if you like: Encountering the Crucifixion and Incarnation: The Humility of Jesus.

Today I want to talk about the rest of the story, the resurrection, the greatest event in history, upon which the entirety of the gospel hangs. This post will be longer than usual, but this is a subject that deserves a bit of in-depth study. So welcome to Easter Bible Study with Caitlyn!

Future Resurrection in Scripture

Growing up, even though I grew up in the church, I didn’t have much understanding about the importance of the resurrection of Jesus. We make such a big deal out of the cross–wasn’t that the point? Jesus died in our place so that our sins could be forgiven and we could go to heaven, and that’s the gospel, right? And the resurrection was… a bonus confirmation to prove to the world that Jesus was God, a happy ending like icing on a cake.

Talking about “the hope of Easter” never quite made sense to me, because no one ever actually explained to me what this hope was, as differentiated from the hope of the cross. (Ironically, the Veggie Tales line “He died for us to give us life, and to give us hope, He rose” came closest, because at least it acknowledged a difference between the cross and the resurrection.)

The more I study the Bible, though, the more I see a far bigger picture than that. Here’s what Paul said about the resurrection:

“Now if Christ is proclaimed as raised from the dead, how can some of you say that there is no resurrection of the dead? But if there is no resurrection of the dead, then not even Christ has been raised. And if Christ has not been raised, then our preaching is in vain and your faith is in vain.”
(1 Corinthians 15:12-14)

Paul isn’t arguing that God is capable of bringing dead people back to life. The believers who denied the “resurrection of the dead” didn’t have a problem with that. Jesus had raised many people during His ministry, and even the Old Testament has a few examples. (1 Kings 17:17-22; 2 Kings 4:32-35; 2 Kings 13:20, 21) Individuals without a pulse getting back up and continuing to live their lives was rare but not unheard of.

The issue at stake was a future, mass resurrection. This is the idea that when Jesus returns, believers will be raised and given new resurrected bodies that will live forever. Paul ties Jesus’ resurrection directly to that future resurrection of the dead, and argues that you can’t have one without the other.

Somehow, I think we’ve lost sight of this. I don’t know how typical my experience is, but I don’t think I heard a single teaching or sermon on the future resurrection until I moved to Kansas City six years ago, in my early 20s. That was when I started putting the pieces together and finally saw what had been right in front of me the whole time.

When God created Adam and Eve, He gave them bodies. (Genesis 2:7) This is huge. The original, ideal state was human beings with sinless spirits living in immortal bodies. Somehow (thanks, Platonic philosophy and Greek dualism) we’ve gotten the idea that our bodies are a prison for our spirits, and in an ideal world we would be free of such physical restraints. I know I used to think like that. However, that’s not the picture in the Bible. God really likes matter. He likes tangible material. His original ideal was for us to have bodies to live in, and in the resurrection, we will again have ideal, glorified, immortal bodies.

The theme of the future resurrection of the dead appears all over Scripture. It first appears in glimpses in the Old Testament:

“And many of those who sleep in the dust of the earth shall awake, some to everlasting life, and some to shame and everlasting contempt.”
(Daniel 12:2)

“For I know that my Redeemer lives, and at the last he will stand upon the earth. And after my skin has been thus destroyed, yet in my flesh I shall see God.”
(Job 19:25-26)

“Your dead shall live; their bodies shall rise. You who dwell in the dust, awake and sing for joy! …the earth will give birth to the dead.”
(Isaiah 26:19)

“You…will revive me again; from the depths of the earth you will bring me up again.”
(Psalm 71:20)

The resurrection of the dead was central to the apostles’ teaching. Paul made it one of his key points in Athens (Acts 17:32) and later said it was the reason he was on trial before the Jewish council (Acts 23:6). The author of Hebrews even listed it with the “elementary” teachings of the faith. (Hebrews 6:12)

Then also, we have this really fascinating thread running throughout Scripture calling Jesus the “firstborn of the dead” and other similar phrases.

“…to be conformed to the image of his Son, in order that he might be the firstborn among many brothers.”
(Romans 8:29)

“…He is the beginning, the firstborn from the dead…”
(Colossians 1:18)

“…Jesus Christ the faithful witness, the firstborn of the dead…”
(Revelation 1:5)

“that the Christ must suffer and that, by being the first to rise from the dead…”
(Acts 22:23)

“…Christ the firstfruits…”
(1 Corinthians 15:23)

So in Jesus’ resurrection at Easter, He became the first of something BIG that will affect all who believe in Him: a future, mass resurrection that is a central part of the hope of the gospel.

What Will Our Bodies Be Like?

So when will this happen? What will it be like?

The Bible states super clearly that the resurrection of the dead happens when Jesus appears. That’s when we will receive our resurrected, incorruptible, eternal bodies. These bodies will be in many ways like Jesus’ own resurrected body.

“When Christ who is your life appears, then you also will appear with him in glory.”
(Colossians 3:4)

“For if we have been united with him in a death like his, we shall certainly be united with him in a resurrection like his.”
(Romans 6:5)

“Just as we have borne the image of the man of dust, we shall also bear the image of the man of heaven.”
(1 Corinthians 15:49)

“But our citizenship is in heaven, and from it we await a Savior, the Lord Jesus Christ, who will transform our lowly body to be like his glorious body…”
(Philippians 3:20-21)

“Beloved, we are God’s children now, and what we will be has not yet appeared; but we know that when he appears we shall be like him…”
(1 John 3:2)

Based on these verses, I think we can get a hint of what our future bodies will be like by looking at Jesus’ resurrected body at Easter! Apparently, He could appear and disappear at will (Luke 24:31, 36-37; John 20:19), and He still had His crucifixion scars, at least from the nails and spear (Luke 24:40, John 20:27). People didn’t necessarily recognize Him right away (John 20:14, John 21:4), but at a second glance, He clearly looked like Himself. He even ate with His disciples. (Luke 24:41-43) I think some of His glory was still veiled during that time before His ascension, because when John saw Jesus at Patmos he saw His face shining like the sun. (Revelation 1:16)

1 Corinthians 15 is a goldmine of information about the future resurrection and our resurrected bodies. It describes our future bodies as imperishable, and says that they will be glorious and powerful, while our natural bodies now are dishonorable and weak by comparison.

“So is it with the resurrection of the dead. What is sown is perishable; what is raised is imperishable. It is sown in dishonor; it is raised in glory. It is sown in weakness; it is raised in power. It is sown a natural body; it is raised a spiritual body.”
(1 Corinthians 15:42-44)

In his next letter, Paul says that our current natural body is like a tent, and we are groaning with longing to put on our future, immortal body, which is like a house by comparison. He even says that compared to having that future body, being without it is like being naked.

“For we know that if the tent that is our earthly home is destroyed, we have a building from God, a house not made with hands, eternal in the heavens. For in this tent we groan, longing to put on our heavenly dwelling, if indeed by putting it on we may not be found naked. For while we are still in this tent, we groan, being burdened—not that we would be unclothed, but that we would be further clothed, so that what is mortal may be swallowed up by life.”
(2 Corinthians 5:1-4)

“For in this tent we groan, longing to put on our heavenly dwelling…” 1 Cor 5:2

Different Kinds of Glory

1 Corinthians 15 also talks about different kinds of glory for different bodies.

“And what you sow is not the body that is to be, but a bare kernel, perhaps of wheat or of some other grain. But God gives it a body as he has chosen, and to each kind of seed its own body. For not all flesh is the same, but there is one kind for humans, another for animals, another for birds, and another for fish. There are heavenly bodies and earthly bodies, but the glory of the heavenly is of one kind, and the glory of the earthly is of another. There is one glory of the sun, and another glory of the moon, and another glory of the stars; for star differs from star in glory. So is it with the resurrection of the dead.”
(1 Corinthians 15:7-42)

This passage isn’t making the straightforward binary comparison of verses 42 and 43 (perishable/imperishable, dishonor/glory, weakness/power). This is comparing several different things within a series (humans/animals/birds/fish, sun/moon/stars). I believe this is saying that each believer will have a different kind of glory on our resurrected bodies.

The sun/moon/stars analogy seems especially apt, because Daniel says that the wise will “shine like the brightness of the sky above… like the stars forever and ever” (Daniel 12:3) and Jesus says that “the righteous will shine like the sun in the kingdom of their Father.” (Matthew 13:43) I really think we’re supposed to understand something here about the glory we will have in our resurrected bodies, especially since we know that Jesus’ resurrected body shines like the sun (Revelation 1:16).

“There is one glory of the sun, and another glory of the moon, and another glory of the stars; for star differs from star in glory.” 1 Cor 15:41-42

The idea of differing glory makes perfect sense when we compare it to everything Jesus said in the gospels about eternal rewards, and also what Paul wrote in 1 Corinthians 3:

“For no one can lay a foundation other than that which is laid, which is Jesus Christ. Now if anyone builds on the foundation with gold, silver, precious stones, wood, hay, straweach one’s work will become manifest, for the Day will disclose it, because it will be revealed by fire, and the fire will test what sort of work each one has done. If the work that anyone has built on the foundation survives, he will receive a reward. If anyone’s work is burned up, he will suffer loss, though he himself will be saved, but only as through fire.”
(1 Corinthians 3:11-15)

All of us who are saved have the foundation of Jesus Christ. Period. By grace alone, through faith alone, in Christ alone. Salvation is 100% dependent on Jesus and 0% on our works. (John 6:63) However, in our lives, we have the opportunity to “build” on the foundation by our works. These works might be valuable like gold, silver, and precious stones, or they might be worthless like wood, hay, and straw. Serving God and others, making choices in my heart to love Him–these are worthy works. Anything I do for the sake of my own flesh is worthless.

On that Day, God will judge our works by fire, which doesn’t mean punish us or burn us up, but He will evaluate our lives and test our works to reveal what was worthy of reward. Some will have more reward than others–the apostle Paul will definitely get more reward than someone who loved Jesus but mostly lived for their own comfort. That guy will still be saved, but he will suffer the loss of what could have been his reward.

Over the next two chapters following this passage, Paul continues to paint the same picture:

For this light momentary affliction is preparing for us an eternal weight of glory beyond all comparison… For we must all appear before the judgment seat of Christ, so that each one may receive what is due for what he has done in the body, whether good or evil.”
(1 Corinthians 4:18, 5:10; compare Romans 8:18-24)

Thinking about eternal rewards and the tangible reality of my future resurrected body really impacts me on a daily basis. It puts a real sober fear of the Lord into how I make decisions and choose to respond to circumstances. Choosing humility, trust, or forgiveness has eternal implications–real consequences that I will live with forever. I know that Jesus sees my heart and He is so moved, and those things are like “gold, silver, and precious stones” that will endure forever and have a literal impact on the kind of glory on my resurrected body forever.

Resurrection Timeline

So when exactly does all of this happen? I won’t take the time to make a case for every single detail I’m about to allude to, but I will give some broad context and some points for further study if you’re interested. As I said above and as Scripture makes abundantly clear, the resurrection happens when Jesus returns. This event coincides with what is often called the “rapture”. Jesus will return, bringing with Him the souls of the dead who have been in heaven, and restore them to their bodies, which will be resurrected and transformed. Immediately afterward, the “rapture” will happen, when believers who are alive on earth at that time will be “caught up” and changed.

Paul most clearly lays out this picture in two passages:

“For since we believe that Jesus died and rose again, even so, through Jesus, God will bring with him those who have fallen asleep. For this we declare to you by a word from the Lord, that we who are alive, who are left until the coming of the Lord, will not precede those who have fallen asleep. For the Lord himself will descend from heaven with a cry of command, with the voice of an archangel, and with the sound of the trumpet of God. And the dead in Christ will rise first. Then we who are alive, who are left, will be caught up together with them in the clouds to meet the Lord in the air, and so we will always be with the Lord.”
(1 Thessalonians 4:14-17)

“Behold! I tell you a mystery. We shall not all sleep, but we shall all be changed, in a moment, in the twinkling of an eye, at the last trumpet. For the trumpet will sound, and the dead will be raised imperishable, and we shall be changed.”
(1 Corinthians 15:51-52)

This event is what Revelation calls the “first resurrection” (Revelation 20:4-6). It is for believers only and happens when Jesus comes back, at the beginning of His thousand-year reign on the earth, which is often known as the Millennium. There is a second resurrection after the Millennium, when all the rest of the dead are raised–all of the unbelievers from throughout history plus anyone without a resurrected body who happened to die during the Millennium. This is what is sometimes called the “Great White Throne” judgment. The unbelievers will be cast in their unglorious, immortal bodies into the lake of fire forever. (Revelation 20:11-15)

In the meanwhile, it’s important to understand that even though right now believers who have died do not yet have their resurrected bodies, they are conscious in heaven in the presence of God. This is the in-between state, between having a natural body in life as we do now and having a resurrected body as we will have forever. In between, if we die before Jesus comes back, our souls will be in heaven with God. Paul says, “We would rather be away from the body and at home with the Lord.” (2 Corinthians 5:8) Even though being without a body in heaven with the Lord isn’t our permanent future state, it’s still WAY better than being in our current body on Earth away from the Lord, and someday when Jesus returns, at the resurrection, we get an even further upgrade–a glorious, indestructible, immortal, resurrected body that shines like the stars! (I also think our future resurrected bodies will have abilities we’ve only dreamed of or can’t even imagine; I’m very much convinced that I will be able to fly like Peter Pan in my resurrected body!)

Hope Today

In studying these passages, the most frequent application we find is the exhortation to HOPE. This is our hope!!

“having a hope in God…that there will be a resurrection of both the just and the unjust.”
(Acts 24:15)

“…We ourselves, who have the firstfruits of the Spirit, groan inwardly as we wait eagerly for adoption as sons, the redemption of our bodies. For in this hope we were saved…”
(Romans 8:23-24)

“because of the hope laid up for you in heaven.”
(Colossians 1:5)

“But we do not want you to be uninformed, brothers, about those who are asleep, that you may not grieve as others do who have no hope. For since we believe that Jesus died and rose again, even so, through Jesus, God will bring with him those who have fallen asleepTherefore encourage one another with these words.”
(1 Thessalonians 4:13-14, 18)

“waiting for our blessed hope, the appearing of the glory of our great God and Savior Jesus Christ.”
(Titus 2:13)

“…He has caused us to be born again to a living hope through the resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead, to an inheritance that is imperishable, undefiled, and unfading, kept in heaven for you, who by God’s power are being guarded through faith for a salvation ready to be revealed in the last time.”
(1 Peter 1:3-5)

The resurrection of Jesus is the key to our future resurrection–not that we get to exist forever in some disembodied spiritual plane, but we will be physically raised from physical death and given immortal, glorious, resurrected bodies, in the image of Jesus’ own resurrected body, as different from our current bodies as a palace is from a tent or an oak tree is from an acorn. This is the future “salvation” the Bible refers to. Our souls have already been saved by the blood of Jesus, but our bodies themselves will one day be fully saved from every effect of sin and death.

One day soon… when the trumpet sounds and the morning dawns…

I think of it when I see the effects of sin and disease ravage bodies. I even think of it often when I get a toothache or a strained muscle– this body is only temporary. I only have to put up with it for another 60 years or so max.

I think of it when I think of those I love who have died. My aunt, my grandma, my grandpa, and several of my friends who have passed away are not gone from their bodies forever. I remember standing at gravesides watching bodies being lowered into the earth, thinking, “This is not the end. That dirt will quake and split and their bodies will rise.”

This is the hope of Easter. It is so far beyond even the event of Jesus’ own resurrection 2000 years ago. That event is the promise for us of the spectacular inheritance God has reserved for us–imperishable resurrected bodies that will reflect His own glory in tangible form forever.

Going Deeper

Key New Testament verses and passages on our future resurrection:

  • Matthew 22:23-33
  • Mark 12:18-27
  • Luke 14:14, 20:27-40
  • John 5:28-29, 6:39-54, 11:24-26
  • Acts 4:2, 17:32, 22:23, 23:6, 24:15
  • Romans 6:5, 8:11-30
  • 1 Corinthians 3:11-15, 6:14, 15:12-58
  • 2 Corinthians 4:14-5:10
  • Philippians 3:10-11, 20-21
  • Colossians 1:18, 3:4
  • 1 Thessalonians 4:13-18
  • 2 Timothy 2:18
  • Hebrews 6:1-2
  • 1 Peter 1:3-7
  • 1 John 3:2
  • Revelation 1:5; 20:4-6, 11-15

A few of my favorite songs about our future resurrection:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t5Cjt83wWDk

Three-part teaching series from Brad Stroup, “Clothed in the Resurrection“: